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CLIMATE
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weather in Turkey, please click here :
Although
Turkey is situated in large Mediterranean geographical location
where climatic conditions are quite temperate, diverse nature of
the landscape, and the existence in particular of the mountains
that run parallel to the coasts, result in significant differences
in climatic conditions from one region to the other. While the coastal
areas enjoy milder climates, the inland Anatolian plateau experiences
extremes of hot summers and cold winters with limited rainfall.
The Aegean and
Mediterranean coasts have cool, rainy winters and hot, moderately
dry summers. Annual precipitation in those areas varies from 580
to 1,300 millimeters, depending on location. The Black Sea coast
receives the greatest amount of rainfall. The eastern part of that
receives 2,200 millimeters annually and is the only region of Turkey
that receives rainfall throughout the year.
Turkey's diverse regions have different climates because of irregular
topography. Taurus Mountains is close to the coast and rain clouds
cannot penetrate to the interior part of the country. Rain clouds
drops most of their water on the coastal area. As rain clouds pass
over the mountains and reach central Anatolia they have no significant
capability to produce of rain. In the Eastern region of Anatolia,
the elevation of mountains exceeds 2500-3000 m. Northern Black Sea
Mountains and Caucasian Mountain hold the rain clouds, and therefor
the area is affected by the continental climate with long and very
cold winter. Minimum temperatures of -30°C to -38°C are observed
in the mountainous areas in the east, and snow may lie on the ground
120 days of the year. Winters are bitterly cold with frequent, heavy
snowfall. Villages in thee region remain isolated for several days
during winter storms.
Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures above 30°C. Spring and
autumn are generally mild, but during both seasons sudden hot and
cold spells frequently occur in the region Annual precipitation
averages about 500-800 millimeters with actual amounts determined
by elevation.
In Istanbul and around the Sea of Marmara the climate is moderate
(winter 4°C and summer 27°C); In winter however the temperatures
can drop below zero. In Western Anatolia, there is a mild Mediterranean
climate with average temperatures of 9°C in winter and 29°C in summer.
On the southern coast of Anatolia the similar climatic condition
are observed. The climate of the Anatolian Plateau is a steppe climate.
There is a great temperature difference between day and night. Rainfall
is low but it usually in form of snow. The average temperature is
23°C in summer and -2°C in winter. The climate in the Black Sea
area is wet, and humid (summer 23°C, winter 7°C). In Eastern Anatolia
and South-Eastern Anatolia there is a long winter, and snow remains
on the ground from November until the end of April (the average
temperature in winter is -13°C and in summer 17°C).
The driest regions are the Karaman, Igdir and Sanliurfa, where annual
rainfall frequently is less than 300 millimeters. The wettest regions
are the Black Sea coastal region where annual rainfall can reach
2,200 millimeters annually, and the region receives rainfall throughout
the year.
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